{"id":672,"date":"2019-04-06T07:31:45","date_gmt":"2019-04-06T07:31:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/?p=672"},"modified":"2026-09-12T03:29:02","modified_gmt":"2026-09-12T03:29:02","slug":"kumaoni-language","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/","title":{"rendered":"Kumaoni: The Language of Kumaon"},"content":{"rendered":"<article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-[-4px]\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-13\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\">\n<div class=\"m-auto text-base py-[18px] px-6\">\n<div class=\"mx-auto flex flex-1 text-base gap-4 md:gap-5 lg:gap-6 md:max-w-3xl\">\n<div class=\"group\/conversation-turn relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn @xs\/thread:px-0 @sm\/thread:px-1.5 @md\/thread:px-4\">\n<div class=\"flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words text-start [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"9ae8cc75-350c-407b-991a-542f584139af\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-4o-mini\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light\">\n<article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-[-4px]\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-9\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\">\n<div class=\"m-auto text-base py-[18px] px-6\">\n<div class=\"mx-auto flex flex-1 text-base gap-4 md:gap-5 lg:gap-6 md:max-w-3xl\">\n<div class=\"group\/conversation-turn relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn @xs\/thread:px-0 @sm\/thread:px-1.5 @md\/thread:px-4\">\n<div class=\"flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words text-start [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"0460f5d7-28d4-43d5-9985-f232c046cc12\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-4o-mini\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light\">\n<ul data-start=\"52\" data-end=\"432\" data-is-only-node=\"\" data-is-last-node=\"\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Speakers:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 2,081,057 people recorded Kumaoni as their mother tongue in the 2011 Census (all-India total). Of those, over 1.98 million live within the Kumaon division of Uttarakhand itself.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Dialects:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Several documented varieties, including Johari, Askoti, Bhabhri, Danpuriya, Gangoli, Khasparjiya, Kumaiyya, Pachhai, Phaldakotiya, Rau-Chaubhainsi, Sirali, and Soryali \u2014 the exact list and grouping varies slightly depending on the linguistic source.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Language family:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Indo-Aryan, Central Pahari branch, closest to Garhwali.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Script:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Devanagari today. Parts of the region used scripts related to the Takri family in the past.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Status:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> UNESCO&#8217;s Atlas of the World&#8217;s Languages in Danger classifies Kumaoni as vulnerable. It is not part of the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mb-2 flex gap-3 empty:hidden -ml-2\">\n<div class=\"items-center justify-start rounded-xl p-1 flex\">Kumaoni is spoken across the Kumaon division of Uttarakhand \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/tourism\/almora\/\">Almora<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/tourism\/nainital\/\">Nainital<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/tourism\/bageshwar\/\">Bageshwar<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/tourism\/pithoragarh\/\">Pithoragarh<\/a>, Champawat, and parts of Udham Singh Nagar \u2014 and it&#8217;s a separate language from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/garhwali-language\/\">Garhwali<\/a>, spoken next door in Garhwal. A related form also survives across the border, in Nepal&#8217;s Sudurpashchim Province. Most people who grow up speaking Kumaoni also speak Hindi; that hasn&#8217;t changed in decades, and it&#8217;s one reason the language shows up so rarely in official paperwork.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_87_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/#Dialects_of_Kumaoni\" >Dialects of Kumaoni<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/#History_of_the_Kumaoni_Language\" >History of the Kumaoni Language<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/#Kumaoni_Grammar_and_Script\" >Kumaoni Grammar and Script<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/#Where_Kumaoni_Stands_Today\" >Where Kumaoni Stands Today<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/#Kumaoni_Holi\" >Kumaoni Holi<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/#Kumaoni_in_Literature\" >Kumaoni in Literature<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/#Difference_Between_Kumaoni_and_Garhwali\" >Difference Between Kumaoni and Garhwali<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/#In_Short\" >In Short<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/#FAQs\" >FAQs<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/#How_many_people_speak_Kumaoni_today\" >How many people speak Kumaoni today?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/#Is_Kumaoni_a_language_or_a_dialect\" >Is Kumaoni a language or a dialect?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/#Is_Kumaoni_an_endangered_language\" >Is Kumaoni an endangered language?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/#What_script_is_Kumaoni_written_in\" >What script is Kumaoni written in?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/#Is_Kumaoni_included_in_the_Eighth_Schedule_of_the_Constitution\" >Is Kumaoni included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/#What_is_the_difference_between_Kumaoni_and_Garhwali\" >What is the difference between Kumaoni and Garhwali?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/#What_are_the_main_dialects_of_Kumaoni\" >What are the main dialects of Kumaoni?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/#What_is_Kumaoni_Holi\" >What is Kumaoni Holi?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/#Which_language_family_does_Kumaoni_belong_to\" >Which language family does Kumaoni belong to?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/#Who_wrote_in_Kumaoni_and_whos_just_from_Kumaon\" >Who wrote in Kumaoni, and who&#8217;s just from Kumaon?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/#Where_is_Kumaoni_spoken_outside_India\" >Where is Kumaoni spoken outside India?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/#Can_Kumaoni_speakers_understand_Garhwali_or_the_other_way_round\" >Can Kumaoni speakers understand Garhwali, or the other way round?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dialects_of_Kumaoni\"><\/span><strong>Dialects of Kumaoni<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">George Grierson&#8217;s Linguistic Survey of India recorded close to a dozen Kumaoni dialects over a century ago, and most of the same divisions are still in use by linguists today, though the exact list shifts a little from one source to the next:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Central Kumaoni<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 Almora and northern Nainital<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Johari<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 Munsiyari and the Johar valley<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Askoti<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 Askot<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Bhabhri<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 Haldwani, Ramnagar<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Danpuriya<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 Danpur, Bageshwar, Kapkot<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Gangoli<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 Berinag, Gangolihat<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Khasparjiya<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 around Almora town<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Kumaiyya<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 Champawat<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Pachhai<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 Ranikhet, Dwarahat<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Phaldakotiya<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 Phaldakot<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Rau-Chaubhainsi<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 Nainital<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Sirali \/ Soryali<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 Didihat and the Sor valley, Pithoragarh<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These share grammar and core vocabulary, but the accent shift is real. Someone from Munsiyari and someone from Champawat can usually place each other&#8217;s home valley within a few sentences.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"History_of_the_Kumaoni_Language\"><\/span><strong>History of the Kumaoni Language<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kumaon is thought to trace back to &#8220;Kumu,&#8221; an old name for the area around Champawat, once the seat of the Chand dynasty. As Chand territory grew, the whole region took the Kumaon name, and the language spoken there followed suit. A second explanation ties the name to &#8220;Kurmanchal&#8221; \u2014 the mountain of Kurma, Vishnu&#8217;s tortoise incarnation. Both versions appear in historical writing on the region, and neither has fully displaced the other.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Linguistically, Kumaoni sits in the Central Pahari branch of Indo-Aryan. Uttarakhand government language material traces its development back to Shauraseni Apabhramsha, the same broad stream that fed into Rajasthani. Centuries of contact with Khasa, Kol, and Kirat communities in the hills \u2014 plus later borrowing from Sanskrit and Hindi \u2014 shaped the vocabulary further. The Chand-era revenue records of King Baj Bahadur Chand, dated to the 17th century, are among the oldest well-documented written sources for the language. Older inscriptions from the region exist too, but their dating is still debated, so it&#8217;s fairer to call the 17th-century records a solid historical milestone rather than the absolute starting point.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kumaoni_Grammar_and_Script\"><\/span><strong>Kumaoni Grammar and Script<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kumaoni&#8217;s grammar tracks closely with Garhwali, and shares broader ground with Hindi, Gujarati, and Rajasthani. One specific detail worth knowing: the verb &#8220;to be&#8221; builds off the root <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ach<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a feature Kumaoni shares with certain Rajasthani constructions. Where Kumaoni and Garhwali grammar pull apart, linguists usually point to the influence of Khasa, an extinct language once spoken by the region&#8217;s earliest known inhabitants.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kumaoni is written in Devanagari today \u2014 the same script used for Hindi and Sanskrit. Before that, parts of the region used scripts related to the Takri family, once common across the western Himalayas. That older script isn&#8217;t in everyday use anymore. Whatever gets published in Kumaoni now \u2014 books, newspapers, social posts \u2014 runs in Devanagari.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Where_Kumaoni_Stands_Today\"><\/span><strong>Where Kumaoni Stands Today<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UNESCO&#8217;s Atlas of the World&#8217;s Languages in Danger classifies Kumaoni as vulnerable. In UNESCO&#8217;s own framework, that specific category means most children in the community still grow up speaking it, but its use outside the home is shrinking \u2014 pushed out by Hindi in schools, government offices, and increasingly in the cities where Kumaoni families move for work. Kumaoni has more speakers than several languages that already sit in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution. It still isn&#8217;t in the Schedule itself. Activists and state legislators have pushed for its inclusion for years, without movement so far.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What actually happened at the state level in 2010 is more specific than it usually gets described: the Uttarakhand government set up the Uttarakhand Bhasha Sansthan that year, tasked with research, standardisation, and preservation work for the state&#8217;s regional languages, Kumaoni included. That&#8217;s not the same as making Kumaoni an official language of the state \u2014 Hindi still runs Uttarakhand&#8217;s official business, with Sanskrit as the second official language. The Bhasha Sansthan&#8217;s more recent work includes digitising Kumaoni and Garhwali folk literature and building a linguistic map of the state. Some government schools in Kumaon now open assembly with a few lines in Kumaoni alongside Hindi. Local bodies such as the Kumaon Sahitya Sabha keep backing Kumaoni writers and cultural events on the ground.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kumaoni_Holi\"><\/span><strong>Kumaoni Holi<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nowhere does Kumaoni show up louder than in its Holi season, and this is the part of the culture most visitors actually encounter. It isn&#8217;t a single day \u2014 the singing starts around Basant Panchami and runs for weeks, across three distinct forms:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Baithki Holi<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 men gather seated, in temples or homes, singing classical raga-based songs. Sometimes called Nirvan ki Holi.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Khari Holi<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 standing, dancing, dhol and hurka driving the rhythm. Louder and faster than Baithki.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Mahila Holi<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 women&#8217;s Holi songs, built around devotion, family, and stories from Krishna&#8217;s life.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Local tradition ties the roots of this back to the Chand court at Champawat, where classical music brought in from the plains mixed with existing Kumaoni singing styles. Travel through Kumaon between January and March, and you&#8217;ll hear this before you read a single word of Kumaoni anywhere.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kumaoni_in_Literature\"><\/span><strong>Kumaoni in Literature<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kumaoni&#8217;s own literary tradition runs through names like Lok Ratna Pant &#8220;Gumani,&#8221; Krishna Pandey, and Shiv Dutt Sati \u2014 writers who worked directly in the language \u2014 alongside a long oral tradition of folk songs and ballads such as <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Malushahi-Rajula<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A separate group belongs to writers of Kumaoni background who built their careers mainly in Hindi: Sumitra Nandan Pant, Shailesh Matiyani, Mrinal Pande. Their work carries Kumaoni sensibility in places, but calling them Kumaoni-language writers overstates it \u2014 worth knowing the distinction if you&#8217;re citing either group.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Difference_Between_Kumaoni_and_Garhwali\"><\/span><strong>Difference Between Kumaoni and Garhwali<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Outsiders lump Kumaoni and Garhwali together constantly, and it mildly irritates people from either region. The two share a family tree \u2014 both Central Pahari, both Indo-Aryan \u2014 but the gap shows up fast once you&#8217;re actually listening: accent, everyday vocabulary, and how shared-root words get pronounced. Beyond that broad description, the honest answer is that the differences run word by word and phrase by phrase, which makes them better explored with someone who actually speaks both languages than flattened into one tidy comparison.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_Short\"><\/span><strong>In Short<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kumaoni carries a few centuries of Kumaon&#8217;s history in it \u2014 Chand-era records, a script that&#8217;s mostly disappeared, Holi ragas still sung every spring. It hasn&#8217;t made it into the Eighth Schedule, and there&#8217;s no sign that it will soon. But with over two million speakers counted in the last census, and active preservation work underway at the state level, it isn&#8217;t fading quietly either. Travelling through Almora, Nainital, or Pithoragarh and catching a Holi gathering in season \u2014 or picking up a handful of Kumaoni words \u2014 tells you more about the region than most itineraries manage.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs\"><\/span><strong>FAQs<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_many_people_speak_Kumaoni_today\"><\/span><b> How many people speak Kumaoni today?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The 2011 Census counted 2,081,057 Kumaoni speakers across India. Over 1.98 million of them live within the Kumaon division of Uttarakhand itself. No newer official count has been published since.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_Kumaoni_a_language_or_a_dialect\"><\/span><b> Is Kumaoni a language or a dialect?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Linguists treat Kumaoni as a distinct Indo-Aryan language in the Central Pahari group, not a dialect of Hindi \u2014 though it holds no official constitutional status.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_Kumaoni_an_endangered_language\"><\/span><b> Is Kumaoni an endangered language?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UNESCO&#8217;s Atlas of the World&#8217;s Languages in Danger lists it as vulnerable, meaning most children in the community still learn it, but daily use outside the home is shrinking.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_script_is_Kumaoni_written_in\"><\/span><b> What script is Kumaoni written in?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Devanagari, same as Hindi and Sanskrit. Parts of the region used Takri-related scripts before that, but they&#8217;ve fallen out of everyday use.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_Kumaoni_included_in_the_Eighth_Schedule_of_the_Constitution\"><\/span><b> Is Kumaoni included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No. Kumaoni and Garhwali have both been proposed for inclusion, but neither has made it in. The Uttarakhand government did set up the Uttarakhand Bhasha Sansthan in 2010 to research and preserve the state&#8217;s regional languages \u2014 that&#8217;s a preservation body, not official recognition.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_difference_between_Kumaoni_and_Garhwali\"><\/span><b> What is the difference between Kumaoni and Garhwali?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both are Central Pahari languages with a shared Indo-Aryan root, but they differ in accent, everyday vocabulary, and pronunciation. The gap is real enough that locals from either region notice it instantly.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_main_dialects_of_Kumaoni\"><\/span><b> What are the main dialects of Kumaoni?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Commonly cited varieties include Central Kumaoni, Johari, Askoti, Bhabhri, Danpuriya, Gangoli, Khasparjiya, Kumaiyya, Pachhai, Phaldakotiya, Rau-Chaubhainsi, and Sirali\/Soryali. The exact grouping varies by source.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_Kumaoni_Holi\"><\/span><b> What is Kumaoni Holi?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A weeks-long musical Holi tradition unique to Kumaon, performed in three forms \u2014 Baithki Holi (seated, classical), Khari Holi (standing, energetic), and Mahila Holi (women&#8217;s songs) \u2014 starting around Basant Panchami.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_language_family_does_Kumaoni_belong_to\"><\/span><b> Which language family does Kumaoni belong to?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indo-Aryan, Central Pahari branch, closest to Garhwali.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Who_wrote_in_Kumaoni_and_whos_just_from_Kumaon\"><\/span><b> Who wrote in Kumaoni, and who&#8217;s just from Kumaon?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lok Ratna Pant &#8220;Gumani,&#8221; Krishna Pandey, and Shiv Dutt Sati wrote directly in Kumaoni. Sumitra Nandan Pant, Shailesh Matiyani, and Mrinal Pande are of Kumaoni background but are known mainly for their Hindi writing.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Where_is_Kumaoni_spoken_outside_India\"><\/span><b> Where is Kumaoni spoken outside India?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Nepal&#8217;s Sudurpashchim Province, where related speech varieties are also referred to by local names that differ from region to region.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Can_Kumaoni_speakers_understand_Garhwali_or_the_other_way_round\"><\/span><b> Can Kumaoni speakers understand Garhwali, or the other way round?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Partially. Shared Indo-Aryan roots and Central Pahari grammar give some mutual intelligibility, but vocabulary and pronunciation differ enough that full fluency in one doesn&#8217;t carry over automatically.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Speakers: 2,081,057 people recorded Kumaoni as their mother tongue in the 2011 Census (all-India total). Of those, over 1.98 million live within the Kumaon division of Uttarakhand itself. Dialects: Several documented varieties, including Johari, Askoti, Bhabhri, Danpuriya, Gangoli, Khasparjiya, Kumaiyya, Pachhai, Phaldakotiya, Rau-Chaubhainsi, Sirali, and Soryali \u2014 the exact list and grouping varies slightly depending [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2202,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-672","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uttarakhand"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Kumaoni Language - History, Roots, Dialects, Facts &amp; Origin<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn about Kumaoni language, its origin, dialects, script, speakers, UNESCO status, Kumaoni Holi and where it is spoken.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kumaoni Language - History, Roots, Dialects, Facts &amp; Origin\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn about Kumaoni language, its origin, dialects, script, speakers, UNESCO status, Kumaoni Holi and where it is spoken.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Chardham Tour Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-04-06T07:31:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-12T03:29:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Kumaoni-Language.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"733\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Laxmi Prasad\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Laxmi Prasad\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/kumaoni-language\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/kumaoni-language\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Laxmi Prasad\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5f10fdf9c481319d16e37ca11d7ed9a4\"},\"headline\":\"Kumaoni: The Language of Kumaon\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-04-06T07:31:45+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-12T03:29:02+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/kumaoni-language\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1688,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/kumaoni-language\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/04\\\/Kumaoni-Language.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Uttarakhand\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/kumaoni-language\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/kumaoni-language\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/kumaoni-language\\\/\",\"name\":\"Kumaoni Language - History, Roots, Dialects, Facts & Origin\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/kumaoni-language\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/kumaoni-language\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/04\\\/Kumaoni-Language.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-04-06T07:31:45+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-12T03:29:02+00:00\",\"description\":\"Learn about Kumaoni language, its origin, dialects, script, speakers, UNESCO status, Kumaoni Holi and where it is spoken.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/kumaoni-language\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/kumaoni-language\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/kumaoni-language\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/04\\\/Kumaoni-Language.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/04\\\/Kumaoni-Language.jpg\",\"width\":1200,\"height\":733,\"caption\":\"Kumaoni Language\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/kumaoni-language\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Kumaoni: The Language of Kumaon\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/\",\"name\":\"Chardham Tour Blog\",\"description\":\"Spirituality and Religion Blog\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Chardham Tour Blog\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/03\\\/chardhamtour-logo-500.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/03\\\/chardhamtour-logo-500.webp\",\"width\":500,\"height\":82,\"caption\":\"Chardham Tour Blog\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5f10fdf9c481319d16e37ca11d7ed9a4\",\"name\":\"Laxmi Prasad\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/433cd720cefb992da58b8164d496df0e183a0e82503bb2f1f0aaf48c99855562?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/433cd720cefb992da58b8164d496df0e183a0e82503bb2f1f0aaf48c99855562?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/433cd720cefb992da58b8164d496df0e183a0e82503bb2f1f0aaf48c99855562?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Laxmi Prasad\"},\"description\":\"Laxmi Prasad is a creative content writer with a passion for crafting engaging and informative content. Known for a clear and versatile writing style, Laxmi specializes in blogs, articles, and SEO-optimized content that connects with readers. With a keen eye for detail and a love for storytelling, Laxmi brings fresh ideas and meaningful perspectives to every project.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chardhamtour.in\\\/blog\\\/author\\\/garima-sachdeva\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Kumaoni Language - History, Roots, Dialects, Facts & Origin","description":"Learn about Kumaoni language, its origin, dialects, script, speakers, UNESCO status, Kumaoni Holi and where it is spoken.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Kumaoni Language - History, Roots, Dialects, Facts & Origin","og_description":"Learn about Kumaoni language, its origin, dialects, script, speakers, UNESCO status, Kumaoni Holi and where it is spoken.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/","og_site_name":"Chardham Tour Blog","article_published_time":"2019-04-06T07:31:45+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-09-12T03:29:02+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":733,"url":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Kumaoni-Language.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Laxmi Prasad","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Laxmi Prasad","Est. reading time":"8 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/"},"author":{"name":"Laxmi Prasad","@id":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/5f10fdf9c481319d16e37ca11d7ed9a4"},"headline":"Kumaoni: The Language of Kumaon","datePublished":"2019-04-06T07:31:45+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-12T03:29:02+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/"},"wordCount":1688,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Kumaoni-Language.jpg","articleSection":["Uttarakhand"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/","url":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/","name":"Kumaoni Language - History, Roots, Dialects, Facts & Origin","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Kumaoni-Language.jpg","datePublished":"2019-04-06T07:31:45+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-12T03:29:02+00:00","description":"Learn about Kumaoni language, its origin, dialects, script, speakers, UNESCO status, Kumaoni Holi and where it is spoken.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Kumaoni-Language.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Kumaoni-Language.jpg","width":1200,"height":733,"caption":"Kumaoni Language"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/kumaoni-language\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Kumaoni: The Language of Kumaon"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/","name":"Chardham Tour Blog","description":"Spirituality and Religion Blog","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/#organization","name":"Chardham Tour Blog","url":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/chardhamtour-logo-500.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/chardhamtour-logo-500.webp","width":500,"height":82,"caption":"Chardham Tour Blog"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/5f10fdf9c481319d16e37ca11d7ed9a4","name":"Laxmi Prasad","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/433cd720cefb992da58b8164d496df0e183a0e82503bb2f1f0aaf48c99855562?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/433cd720cefb992da58b8164d496df0e183a0e82503bb2f1f0aaf48c99855562?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/433cd720cefb992da58b8164d496df0e183a0e82503bb2f1f0aaf48c99855562?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Laxmi Prasad"},"description":"Laxmi Prasad is a creative content writer with a passion for crafting engaging and informative content. Known for a clear and versatile writing style, Laxmi specializes in blogs, articles, and SEO-optimized content that connects with readers. With a keen eye for detail and a love for storytelling, Laxmi brings fresh ideas and meaningful perspectives to every project.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/"],"url":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/author\/garima-sachdeva\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/672","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=672"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/672\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3186,"href":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/672\/revisions\/3186"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2202"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=672"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=672"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chardhamtour.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=672"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}